Social Security in the United States offers multiple forms of financial support. Among them, there is a benefit that many people are unaware of, which is intended for spouses and even for those who are already divorced. These are payments calculated based on the work history of the partner, with very specific conditions.
The Social Security Administration (SSA) provides these benefits with a clear focus. The goal is to provide financial security to people who, despite not having a long work history of their own, have shared ties with someone who has contributed. To qualify, four basic requirements must be met.
The four key aspects
The first point to review is the duration of the marriage. If the person is married, the union must have lasted at least one year. There are exceptions: for example, when there are children in common or when the person was already entitled to other benefits before getting married, even under the Railroad Retirement Act.
The second requirement is that the spouse must receive Social Security benefits; only in that case can the other member of the couple apply for them. In the case of a divorce, this condition changes: it is enough for the ex-spouse to be 62 years old or older and meet the minimum requirements. Age is the third factor; to receive this benefit, it is usual to have reached retirement age, which is set at 67 years for those born in 1960 or later.
If the applicant cares for a child under 16 years old or of any age with a disability, they can request the payments before retiring. In addition, no reductions are applied to the amount. This makes the benefit a key support for families in special situations.
The fourth point to consider is the applicant's own benefits. The SSA compares what the applicant is entitled to based on their own work history with what they would receive as a spouse. If the latter is higher, a supplement is added to match the higher amount.
Other relevant factors
There are additional details that should not be overlooked. The amount a spouse receives can reach 50% of what the partner receives, depending on the age at which payments begin. This means that applying early can reduce the amount.
In cases of divorce, there are two more requirements. The marriage must have lasted at least 10 years and the divorce must have been in effect for at least 2 years. Once those periods are met, the person can apply for the benefit even if the ex-partner is unaware of it.
There are also legally recognized situations that do not involve formal marriage. In certain states, legal unions are accepted if they meet the basic requirements established by Social Security. This expands access for those living in different family contexts.